Allergie et sensibilisation aux criquets comestibles. Etude prospective à propos de 27 cas à l'Hôpital National Lamordé

INTRODUCTION : L'entomophagie est la consommation d'insectes comestibles, qui permet un apport protéique plus important que la viande bovine. Deux espèces d'insectes sont essentiellement consommées au Niger, les criquets Ornithacris Tubida Cavroisi et les éphémères. Le but de cette étude est d'apprécier la sensibilisation et les allergies aux criquets comestibles qui à notre connaissance n'ont pas été explorées à ce jour. Patients et méthode : Etude prospective allant de janvier à juin 2016 portant sur 27 patients présentant une sensibilisation et ou une allergie aux criquets sur une population de 155 patients présentant des manifestations cliniques d'allergie Résultats: La moyenne d'âge est de 25 ans avec un minimum d'âge de 9 ans et un maximum de 60 ans. La tranche d'âge de 21 à 30 ans est la plus fréquente avec 37,03 % contre 18,51% pour les personnes âgées de plus de 40ans. Les femmes sont les plus touchées avec 55,55%. Une notion d'antécédent familial de rhinoconjonctivite a été retrouvée dans 81,49% des cas. 59,26% de nos patients avaient un antécédent personnel de rhino-conjonctivite suivi de l'asthme 29,63%. 29,63% des cas présentaient une allergie après consommation des criquets, 70,37% étaient sensibilisés aux criquets. 7,41% de nos patients présentaient une mono sensibilisation aux criquets. Des co-sensibilisation criquet-crevette (85,19%), criquet-blatte (62,96%), criquet-acarien (48,14%) et criquet-crevette-blatte-acarien (29,62%) ont été retrouvés. Parmi les manifestations cliniques le syndrome oral était le symptôme le plus fréquent (6 patients sur 8), suivi de l'urticaire (4 patients), du vomissement (1 patient), de l'œdème du visage (1 patient) et de la dyspnée (1 patient). Un des patients a présenté une anaphylaxie de grade 3. Conclusion L'entomophage de plus en plus pratiquées dans nos régions présente un risque réel allergique d'autant plus qu'il peut exister des réactions croisées entre les différentes classes d'arthropodes

The Effects of Maternal Diet and Breastfeeding on Children with Asthma and Allergy

The increase in the prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases highlights the need for devising effective prevention strategies. Several studies have investigated the preventive effect of maternal avoidance of highly allergenic foods; such as cow's milk; eggs; and nuts; during pregnancy to protect the foetus from the effect of food allergens ingested by the mother

Migraine-Associated Vertigo and Dizziness as Presenting Complaint in a Private General Medical Practice

Migraine-associated vertigo (MV) remains a developing entity because accepted diagnostic criteria are unavailable. Patients present with debilitating dizziness without experiencing headache; and are often misdiagnosed as anxious. The condition is manageable in primary care without the need for neurological referral. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MV and migraine-associated dizziness (MD) as presenting complaints. Methods: Patients presented with dizziness probably or definitely associated with migraine history based on the criteria of the International Headache Society. Patients with other vestibulopathies and medical conditions were excluded. Patients were evaluated over a period of nine months. Seven hundred and seventeen patients were examined. The numbers of patients were recorded as a percentage of the population visiting a general practitioner. Response to migraine prophylactic medications was regarded as supporting evidence of the diagnosis. Response was regarded as a complete resolution of symptoms. Results: Of the 717 patients seen; 12 were identified as having probable or definite MV. Five patients were treated with migraine prophylactic medications; namely amitriptyline 25 mg nocte and/or sodium valproate CR 300 mg bd; and all showed a response to the treatment. Conclusions: We conclude that the prevalence of MV as presenting complaint may be as high as 1.67. This figure does however not reflect the total patient population that suffers from the condition - this figure may be much higher. Of those patients treated for MV the response was 100; further supporting the diagnosis. MV is a relevant complaint that is often misdiagnosed as psychogenic in origin

Allergic Transfusion Reactions in a Tertiary Hospital in Southwest Nigeria

Background: Allergic reaction is a recognized cause of morbidity in clinical blood transfusion. Few studies have characterised the presentation of this adverse reaction in the general population of transfusion recipients in Nigerians. Aim: To determine the patterns of presentation of allergic transfusion reactions in both adult and paediatric blood /blood products recipients in this environment. Methods: Using a haemovigilance report form; we prospectively evaluated the presentation of allergic transfusion reactions among transfusion recipients. Information obtained include: age; sex; blood component transfused; history of atopy in the patient or family. Detailed clinical examination and review of the recipients was done from the commencement of the transfusion episode up till 24 hrs after the completion of the transfusion. Results: A total of 462 consecutive transfusion episodes were evaluated for allergic events. Including 101 children and 157 adults. The results show that allergic transfusion reactions are not uncommon in the population. The overall incidence of allergic transfusion reactions was 2.8. The commonest allergic symptom seen was pruritus. There was no significant statistical difference in the overall incidence of allergy between adult and paediatric transfusion recipients. Pattern of the specific allergic symptoms differ between the two subpopulations with peri-orbital oedema seen exclusively in children. Atopic paediatric transfusion recipients are at higher risk of allergic reactions than adults ( p=0.05). Conclusion: Incidence of allergic transfusion reactions is similar in black adult and paediatric transfusion recipients. Improvement in blood transfusion practice through enhanced component transfusion will reduce the incidence in transfusion recipients

Latex Glove Sensitivity amongst Diagnostic Imaging Healthcare Personnel: a Study in Southeastern Nigeria

The paper reports a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and type of symptoms; causal agents and awareness of latex glove reactions amongst four professional groups. The study was done at diagnostic imaging departments within ten major hospitals in Southeastern Nigeria. Radiologists/resident radiologists; radiographers; radiology nurses and darkroom technicians who were occupationally exposed to latex gloves were investigated between June and September 2006 to determine the level of latex hypersensitivity. The results show that prevalence is similar to that demonstrated elsewhere with 12.4of individuals expressing latex associated symptoms. Symptoms included itching and redness of hands; dry cracked skin; soreness of eyes; and upper respiratory tract complaints. There are strong relationships between number of gloves used per day; duration of glove use and expression of symptoms. About 62.8(n=76) of the respondents had previous knowledge of hypersensitivity reaction to latex gloves prior to this investigation. The paper concludes that latex hypersensitivity is a real problem amongst diagnostic imaging healthcare personnel in our locality. This preliminary work; therefore; provides the basis of a much larger controlled study in the future

Incidence; Knowledge and Healh Seeking Behaviour for Perceived allergies at Household Level: a Case Study in Ilala District Dar Es Salaam Tanzania

Objectives: To determine incidence of perceived allergies; causes and management; of disorders associated with allergies at household level in Ilala district. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in Ilala district involving a total of 400 households randomly selected 8 wards out of 22 wards in the district and head of the household intervie- wed using a structured questionnaire. Results: Of the household members interviewed; 66.8being females; about 60.0reported to be allergic to different substances. Food 16.7; animal dander and fur 15.4; pollen 13.3; house dust 11.7; medicines 8.3; cosmetics 5.8; and plants 6.3were the most common causes of allergy within the households. Most individuals were not aware of the source of allergy. Only few (40.4) respondents had some knowledge about allergy; and they acquired the information through different sources such as mass media; school; friends; other families etc. In terms of prevention; 39.2knew how the allergies could be prevented; and 41.2had knowledge on appropriate medicines for the control and treatment of different allergic symptoms. Skin allergies 35.9; respiratory allergies 13.3; and allergies of the eye 10.8were observed to be the most common complains. Conclusion: The study shows high prevalence of perceived allergy disorders in the community associated with poor understanding on the possible causes and preventive measures. This highlights the need conduct public education to raise awareness on allergy with a focus on causes and avoidance of exposure to allergens to mitigate effects of allergy in the society

L'allergie au titane et les implants dentaires : prevention et traitement

Les cas rapportes dans la litterature ont montre une relation etroite entre les implants en titane et l'apparition de l'allergie. Pour pallier a ce probleme les medecins dentistes; doivent etablir un interrogatoire minutieux et un examen clinique complet pour determiner les patients a risques. Ces derniers devraient subir des tests cutanes ou biologiques afin de prevenir cette allergie. Par ailleurs; en presence de diagnostic positif a l'allergie au titane; les implants devraient etre retires et remplaces par d'autres implants en un materiau alternatif

L'allergie au titane et les implants dentaires : Facteurs de risque

Le titane est actuellement le materiau de choix en implantologie orale. Connu pour son excellente biocompatibilite; un grand nombre de professionnels de sante pensent qu'il ne serait pas responsable de reaction d'hypersensibilite.Neanmoins; il apparait dans de recentes etudes que le titane peut donner lieu a une toxicite et a des reactions allergiques immediates ou retardees ce qui pourrait expliquer les echecs successifs d'implants dentaires qui surviennent chez certains patients